Search results for query: 0
The Atmospheric Neutrino Anomaly IMB found a ratio of ratios equal to (0.54 +/- 0.13) and Kamiokande found a ratio of ratios equal to (0.57 +/- 0.10). This significant difference implies one of two things. Either the simulation is wrong or the standard model prediction of 2:1 muon to electron neutrinos from pion decay is […]
The first evidence of the massive amount of energy produced by supernovas in a neutrino burst came in 1989 when both the Kamiokande and the IMB detected the resulting neutrinos. In 1989 the Kamiokande team confirmed Ray Davis’s 1968 results, that the flux of neutrinos from the Sun was indeed much lower than expected by […]
The first evidence of the massive amount of energy produced by supernovas in a neutrino burst came in 1989 when both the Kamiokande and the IMB detected the resulting neutrinos. In 1989 the Kamiokande team confirmed Ray Davis’s 1968 results, that the flux of neutrinos from the Sun was indeed much lower than expected, approximately […]
The IMB experiment, named after the sponsoring organizations: University of California, Irvine, University of Michigan, and the Brookhaven National Laboratory, was a large neutrino observatory consisting of a roughly 20 meter (60 foot) cubical tank full of ultrapure water and layered on the inner surface with 2,048 photomultiplier tubes. Located in a purpose-built cavern in […]
The original Kamioka Nucleon Decay Experiment, or Kamiokande, was constructed between the years of 1982 and 1983 in Kamiokacho, Gifu, Japan. Located 1000 meters underground and housed in the Mozumi Mine of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Co., Kamiokande consisted of approximately 1000 photomultiplier tubes or PMTs attached to the inner surface of a tank […]
With the electron and the muon neutrinos having been discovered, it seemed that the entirety of the neutrino could be grouped neatly into one or the other: The fundamental constituents of matter could logically be grouped into families each containing two quarks and two leptons (u, d, e, nu_e, and c, s, mu, nu_mu). Ordinary […]
In 1964, Raymond Davis Jr. and John N. Bahcall proposed that an experiment with 100,000 gallons of cleaning fluid (perchloroethylene, which is mostly composed of chlorine) could provide a critical test of the idea that nuclear fusion reactions are the ultimate source of solar radiation which was eventually conducted in the year 1968. “We argued […]
Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, and Jack Steinberger, at the time all of Columbia University, made their discovery at the brand-new Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). At the time, only the electron-neutrino was known, and the scientists wondered if they could find more types of these ghostlike particles that pass through everything. The AGS, then the most […]
In this experiment, for which they were awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995, Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines used a nuclear reactor, expecting to produce neutrino fluxes on the order of 1012 to 1013 neutrinos per second per cm2, far higher than any attainable flux from other radioactive sources. The neutrinos would […]
1933, Enrico Fermi had developed a theory of beta decay to include the neutrino, presumed to be massless as well as chargeless. Treating the beta decay as a transition that depended upon the strength of coupling between the initial and final states, Fermi developed a relationship which is now referred to as Fermi’s Golden Rule. […]