Upgrade – IceCube

Quantifying the estimated sensitivity of the IceCube Upgrade to atmospheric neutrino oscillations

Posted on September 19, 2025 by Alisa King-Klemperer

The IceCube Upgrade will consist of seven new strings, to be deployed in 2025-2026, at the locations shown in the top view in red. The current IceCube array optimized for TeV neutrinos is shown in blue, while the existing low-energy extension known as DeepCore is shown in green. The side view shows the distribution of module types on the new strings. The new module types, mDOMs and D-Eggs, contain multiple photosensors in each module.

As cosmic rays collide with particles in the Earth’s atmosphere, air showers containing atmospheric muons and neutrinos are produced. The atmospheric neutrinos are then detected by DeepCore, a denser and smaller array of sensors in the center of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. Compared to the main IceCube detector, DeepCore is sensitive […]